Have an Emergency?Hearing your dog cough can be concerning, especially if it happens frequently or sounds unusual. A dog’s cough can be caused by many different factors, ranging from minor irritants to more serious health conditions. While an occasional cough may not be a reason for concern, persistent or worsening symptoms may indicate an underlying issue that requires veterinary attention. Below, we’ll discuss the potential causes of coughing in dogs to help you recognize when it’s time to seek professional care from Rutherford Veterinary Hospital.
What Causes Dog Coughing?
Dogs cough for various reasons, some of which are harmless, while others may indicate a more serious condition.
Kennel Cough
Kennel cough, also known as canine infectious tracheobronchitis, is a highly contagious respiratory disease that spreads easily among dogs in close contact. It is often contracted in boarding facilities, dog parks, and grooming salons. The condition is characterized by a dry, hacking cough that may sound like honking. While most cases are mild and resolve on their own, severe cases may require veterinary treatment.
Canine Influenza
Canine influenza, or dog flu, is another respiratory illness that can cause persistent coughing. Other symptoms may include fever, nasal discharge, lethargy, and difficulty breathing. Unlike kennel cough, which is caused by a bacterial infection, canine influenza is a viral disease. Vaccination can help protect dogs from the flu, especially those who frequently interact with other pets.
Collapsing Trachea
A collapsing trachea is a condition that primarily affects small-breed dogs, such as Pomeranians, Chihuahuas, and Yorkshire Terriers. This occurs when the cartilage rings in the trachea weaken, leading to a narrowed airway and a persistent, honking cough. Dogs with a collapsing trachea may experience difficulty breathing, especially during excitement or exercise.
Heart Disease
Certain heart conditions, including congestive heart failure, can lead to coughing in dogs. When the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently, fluid can accumulate in the lungs, causing a wet or gurgling cough. Other symptoms of heart disease may include lethargy, exercise intolerance, and an increased respiratory rate. Regular check-ups can help detect heart disease early, improving a dog’s quality of life.
Allergies and Irritants
Dogs can develop allergies to environmental triggers such as pollen, dust, mold, and smoke. These allergens can irritate the respiratory tract, leading to coughing and sneezing. Household irritants, including perfumes, air fresheners, and cleaning products, can also contribute to respiratory discomfort. If a dog’s coughing is seasonal or occurs after exposure to specific substances, allergies may be the culprit.
Foreign Objects and Airway Obstruction
Dogs are naturally curious and may accidentally inhale or swallow small objects, leading to airway irritation or obstruction. A sudden, persistent cough accompanied by gagging or difficulty breathing may indicate a lodged foreign object. This situation requires immediate veterinary attention to prevent choking or further complications.
When Should You Be Concerned About Your Dog’s Cough?
Not all coughing in dogs is a cause for alarm, but certain signs indicate the need for veterinary care. Recognizing when to seek help can make a difference in your pet’s health and comfort.
Persistent or Worsening Cough
If your dog’s cough lasts longer than a few days or progressively worsens, it may be a sign of an underlying health condition that requires treatment. Chronic coughing should not be ignored, as it could indicate respiratory disease, heart problems, or another serious issue.
Changes in Breathing
Difficulty breathing, wheezing, or rapid, shallow breaths are red flags that should never be overlooked. If your dog is struggling to breathe or appears to be gasping for air, seek immediate veterinary attention.
Coughing Up Blood or Mucus
Coughing up blood or excessive mucus may indicate an infection, injury, or more severe respiratory issue. Blood in mucus can be a sign of pneumonia, heart disease, or even lung tumors. Your veterinarian can help determine the cause and provide appropriate care.
Lethargy and Loss of Appetite
If your dog’s coughing is accompanied by lethargy, reduced activity, or a loss of appetite, it may be a sign of a more serious illness. Dogs that are normally active but suddenly become withdrawn or uninterested in food should be evaluated by your veterinarian.
Fever or Nasal Discharge
Fever, nasal discharge, and excessive sneezing along with coughing may indicate an upper respiratory infection. Infections can progress if left untreated, leading to pneumonia or other complications.
How Veterinarians Diagnose and Treat Dog Coughing
Veterinarians use a combination of physical exams, medical history, and diagnostic tests to determine the cause of a dog’s cough.
Diagnostic Testing
Depending on the suspected cause, your veterinarian may recommend:
- X-rays to assess lung and heart health
- Blood tests to detect infections or underlying conditions
- Tracheal washes to collect respiratory secretions for analysis
- Heart ultrasound (echocardiogram) to check for heart disease
These tests help pinpoint the root cause of a dog’s cough and guide appropriate treatment.
Treatment Options
Treatment varies depending on the underlying condition. Some common approaches include:
- Medications such as antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, or cough suppressants
- Lifestyle changes, including weight management and minimizing exposure to allergens
- Heart medications for dogs with congestive heart failure
- Surgery for conditions such as a collapsing trachea or airway obstruction
Helping Your Dog Breathe Easier
Coughing in dogs can be alarming, but recognizing the cause and knowing when to seek veterinary care can make all the difference. If your dog is experiencing a persistent or worsening cough, Rutherford Veterinary Hospital in Dallas, TX, is here to help. Call (214) 826-4166 or request an appointment today to have your pet evaluated by our experienced veterinary team.